On the other hand, The Han empire had many agricultural and handicraft products, but there was a shortage of military horses, plow oxen, camels, and as well as livestock, meat, and leather, so both the Hunnu and the Han citizens were interested in mutual trade. The fact that the people of the Hunnu’s prioritized trade with ancient China, East Turkestan, and Central Asia in order to sell products that were surplus to their own consumption and obtain other necessary products demonstrates that the foundation for the development of barter trade was laid. Therefore, livestock, meat, dairy products, leather and fur products produced from animal husbandry and hunting exceeded from their consumption, but there is a large shortage of agricultural and residential handicraft products ( Sharavsambuu 2021, 37). It shows the essence of modern logistics.Īnimal husbandry and hunting played a major role in the economy of the Hunnu, and the Chinese who came and settled in various ways from the Han empire engaged in agriculture on a small scale. 2 Historical Development of the Silk RoadĪccording to the research works, the establishment of the Silk Road has begun as a result of the subtle tactics of the ancient Chinese Han Empire and the Mongolian Hunnu Empire. Although I am not a historian, based on the sources of Mongolian history, I have studied the historical development of the ancient Silk Road, and the features of trade during the Mongolian Empire in comparison with modern trade concepts, and certain conclusions were reached. However, studies about the contribution of the Silk Road in the history of Mongolian trade is rare to find. In addition, there are some other scholarly texts about the relationship between the Silk Road and trade of the Mongolian Empire are available, such as “Brief History of Mongolia” by famous Mongolian historian and former state minister Amar ( 1989) and the series “History of Mongolia” published by the Institute of History of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and other historical sources. The rise of the Silk Road to its peak definitely involves Mongol Empire ( Delgerjargal 2020a). These short films ( Delgerjargal 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2020d, 2020e, 2020f) has played important role in understanding and public awareness of the historical and cultural monuments related to the history of Mongolia along the Silk Road.Īn international network of trade routes linking Eurasia, known as the Silk Road, played a major role in the world history, especially for the nomads of Mongolia and other Eurasian countries. Within the framework of the “Silk Road and Mongols” project, Mongolian historical researchers visited the cultural and historical monuments along the Silk Road and prepared a series of documentary films in order to clarify the role played by the Mongols in the development of the Silk Road. Furthermore, there are dozens of researches on the life and cultural heritage of the civilization of that time based on the characteristics of the goods transported during the ancient Silk Road. According to Sharavsambuu (2021, 35) we can determine that the trade history of Mongolia begins with the establishment of the first state in Asia.Īs a carrier of national culture, trade is one of the most accurate indicators of material life and the cultural level of any civilization. The first records of trade relations in human history comes from ancient time.
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